Why Be Good, She Asked
The Rev.
Wendy von Zirpolo
The sermon this morning was birthed on a cold day in November in
the midst of a common UU misadventure ~ that of heading for the Arlington Street
church in Boston instead of the UU Church in Arlington , Massachusetts .
I was attempting to get to an Annual Mass Bay District Meeting and I was not
alone. I was accompanied by my daughter, a college freshman, and her roommate.
While I would like to think the girls were along for the spiritual
enlightenment or my own stimulating company - I have no illusions - it was the
promise of a free lunch!
So, there we were, having discovered
our error, now headed off in the proper direction and finding ourselves with
some extra time to chat. It started out innocently enough - my daughter’s
roommate, raised in the Baptist faith, had a few questions. She started small
----------------------- “So, Mrs. von Zirpolo, I understand that you can
believe anything you want in Unitarian Universalism - how does that work?” We
spoke of creeds vs. principles, purposes and sources. We spoke of freedom and
reason. We spoke of holding up the right of each person in Unitarian
Universalism to seek their own truths while honoring others. She then ventured
a little deeper, asking “Do you believe in God?”…..I told her that I considered
myself a religious humanist, someone who did not believe in a single entity or
a being-like presence to whom I could pray and expect intervention in my life
or the life of others. I said that instead I believed in a greater power of
goodness, inherent in each and every human being - one that oriented us toward
betterment for all. She then asked about Heaven - and I said I didn’t believe
in a life after death but instead of a heaven here on Earth - beloved
community. A place where all are truly and deeply welcome, each of us as our
human, perfectly imperfect selves. All honored for our gifts, all equal
participants, all willing to stay at the table working out differences in the
overriding context of deep love, forgiveness and respect.
“Where does Jesus fit?” she asked next and I told her that for me,
Jesus was and is a great teacher and leader, someone who glimpsed true beloved
community and said “Wow ---- follow me, I’ll show you the way.” I also told her
that while those were my beliefs that I worshipped alongside others who were
theists, believing in a prayable to, intervenable, personal God, those who
might worship many Gods or Goddesses, those who believed in Jesus as The Christ,
the divine son of God and those for whom the language of God and Jesus held
little or no value or perhaps pain.
And then, she paused……………..THAT should have been my warning that
the big one was coming! Because as we approached the Arlington church, she did pause in thought
………… and then asked…..”But, if you don’t believe in life after death, and you
don’t believe in salvation through Jesus Christ …………………….. Why be good?”
Why be good, she asked and words about inherent worth and dignity
rolled out of my mouth, followed by those of peace, social justice, witness and
world community. Why be good, she asked and my words reflected a deep
commitment to the betterment of humankind. Why be good, she asked, and like a
parent facing the question “Where do babies come from,” I found myself grateful
that our destination has been reached, the question tabled and distractions
were in sight. Why be good she asked and
although the words flowed out quite easily and I am not compelled to retract
them, the question resided for months, hovering here and here and here……. understanding
my answers on a personal level took on a level of importance equaled by the
need to be able to offer the answer as a public theology -- one I would be able
to articulate as a religious leader in our movement. Why be good, she asked,
and here I stand today, inviting you to join me in looking hard at that
question and also claiming it as one we should be able to answer.
We’ll start our journey in the Hebrew Scriptures - the Old
Testament - where we find a God who makes promises to his chosen people. A
people called to honor him and in return be delivered from horrific conditions.
Honor and obey me, he says …… and the land of milk and honey awaits …just
rewards indeed. As the ancient prophet, Micah, reports, this God requires three
things “to do justice, to love kindness and to walk humbly with their God.”
Here in the Hebrew tomes, and in the words of the prophets, we find clarity for
these people, not only in terms of what rewards are offered but also the price
of noncompliance. For theirs is a God not unaccustomed to incurring wrath.
Moving on into the Christian Scriptures, the New Testament, we see
the commitment to goodness articulated in following Jesus Christ as entrance
into heaven and the price of heavenly rewards. Prominent also is the
eschatological view that the judgment day is upon us - the end is coming and
each will be judged.
Moving away from the God of the Hebrew and Christian communities
---- although we lose a common understanding of God, we do find the ethic of
reciprocity ---- otherwise known as the Golden Rule……….in Baha’i “ascribe not
to any soul that which thou wouldst not have ascribed to thee” and in
Buddhism’s Udana-Varga the admonition “hurt not others in ways that you yourself
would find hurtful” and in Islam “None of you truly believes until he wishes
for his brother what he wishes for himself.” And yet, these exist as rules and
codes of behavior - not answers to my young friend’s question.
So let’s add another voice into this exploration. In his book
“Letter to a Young Lawyer” famed lawyer, Alan Dershowitz lays out the issue of
‘being good’ with the express intent of convincing his young lawyers to choose
strong moral character as a constant in a profession in which he tells them it
will be challenged daily. In his argument, calling for such personal
responsibility to goodness, he wishes to disconnect that obligation from any
sense of outside authority. He calls them to an inner authority. Always ready
for argument, Dershowitz pits himself against Pascal’s Wager. You know the
wager ….over 300 years ago Pascal offered an orientation toward good as a
bottom-line safe bet. “Let us weigh the gain and the loss in wagering that God
is. Let us estimate these two chances. If you gain, you gain all; if you lose,
you lose nothing. Wager, then, without hesitation that He is.” Dershowitz
disagrees and takes his audience through a legalistic argument tying goodness,
based on religious belief to either a rote response to authority and/or a calculated
choice. Neither of which speak of the valiant character of the individual
wishing to do good for the sake of good.
While Dershowitz calls on this orientation to goodness from an
altruistic view of what is best as a human being---------- that is, what would
truly be deserving of accolades, another thinker, Dennis Prager from the
University of Judaism calls goodness a necessary behavioral goal, articulating
the wish that our educational system held goodness and depth as its two pillars
rather than brilliance and success. He offers seven reasons to be good:
If everyone acted this way we’d live in a beautiful world
You’ll like yourself more
You’ll be treated better
It makes you feel good
You know how much you want others to be good
Because God said so
A part of you wants to be good
This behavioral approach offers many doors in, allowing for the
theist to be good for the sake of religious beliefs but also holding up
rational arguments based on outcomes. An
interesting footnote to Prager’s contribution, and an affirmation of
Dershowitz’s commentary on the relation of authority to goodness is a 1960
behavioral study held at Yale in which subjects were to apply a shock to a
learner under the guise of a scientific experiment exploring punishment as a correction
to incorrect behavior. The study received quite a bit of renewed attention when
the abuses of Abu Graib came to light. In the study, unbeknownst to the
subjects, the person receiving the shock was an actor and no electricity was
involved. The subjects were required to increase the voltage in steps up to the
end of a 450-volt scale. No subject stopped before reaching 300. 60 percent
went the distance and many who stopped along the way to question the disturbing
effects upon the subject, continued once absolved of responsibility.
So here we have two somewhat polar views --- belief in a God
authority who demands goodness at one end and at the other a consumerist
approach of being good so you get good stuff whether it be heavenly rewards or
people simply treating you better. As
UUs we tend to seek compromises or a homogenization toward an approach that
welcomes all and offends none….but I’m not looking for a compromise. And I
found aspects of each of these views compelling in their arguments, what still
remained lurking about was that there was something more - something somehow
namable that calls me to goodness and perhaps others. I don’t relate to seeing
it as simply a behavioral response to having people like me or getting
something that I want. But I also so not relate at all to the idea of salvation
and heavenly rewards. I do not believe in a punitive God of any shape. I don’t
even believe in the more secular -- things happen for a reason or what comes
around goes around. I found each of
these contributions to comment more on interpretations of people behaving well
then as answers to the question “Why be good.”
To me, this orientation toward goodness is clearly something
bigger than human thought, something preexistent in our hardwiring. It gets
back to what a congregant once told me when I asked her “Why Be Good?” She
answered “Because I would know” and I would be changed……..
That resonated but
I needed more…..I landed with Albert Schweitzer and what he called the
‘reverence of life” He thought ethics was nothing more or less than that ---
reverence of life. He came upon that thought while on an errand of mercy in Africa . He was on a boat, creeping slowly upstream
following channels between sandbanks. His mind deep in thought as he scribbled
disconnected sentences on sheet after sheet of paper. On the third day, quite
late in the afternoon, as they wended through a herd of hippopotamuses, the
phrase ‘reverence for life’ flashed, unbidden upon his mind. He wrote “the iron
door had yielded: the path in the thicket had become visible.” Schweitzer also
told of the discovery of a more intuitive form of this ethic when he was only
seven or eight years old. One spring, a friend invited him to go to a place
where they could shoot birds with a ling-shot. Though the idea was repugnant to
the young Schweitzer, he went along, fearing that his friend might laugh at him
if he didn’t. They found a bird singing in a tree. His companion put a stone in
the leather catapult and Schweitzer, determined to be brave and manly, did the
same. At that very moment the bells of the church began to ring. Schweitzer
felt it was a voice from heaven, reminding him of the wrongness of senseless
killing. He shooed the bird away and ran home.
Add to this imagery one of my favorite stories - that of famous UU
leader Theodore Parker who tells of being 4 years old, raising a stick to
strike a basking tortoise and hearing the words “it is wrong” - he runs to his
mother who through tears tell shim that it is the voice that c\some people call
God and others call conscience - but regardless of name, she is certain that to
listen to the voice will allow it to grow stronger and stronger and it will
always be present as a guide\de - and to ignore it is to lose it.
Here, finally I
felt at home …could it be that simple? Why be good, she asked -- because it is
wrong to behave otherwise --- is it right to be good? Well on a personal level,
surely - I hear that inner voice - it speaks to n=me viscerally often. Through
tears as I watch the news, through the need to face the homeless man directly
in the eye as I roll down the window and offer change - or not - though the
knot in my stomach when I hear of fundamentalist bashing of a peer seeking same
sex marriage.
But on a public theological level we have work to do. Because the
answer is not fully formed and articulated. I am pretty sure wearing t-shirts
sporting Theodore parker at age four with a stick, a tortoise and a big NO sign
won’t do the trick - but maybe, maybe it’s a start. We as UUS are often seen lacking
a common voice or the ability to join together in theological mission…. But
this spells opportunity to me.
I urge us to own this question together, to keep it here and here
and here. Because to ask this question of ourselves and each other - to keep it
active in our discussions, in our covenant groups, active in our parenting, in
our loving, in our working, active in our voting, active in all aspects of our
lives - puts us in the game - it declares us players in the larger game of
serving the cause of the betterment of humanity and it does it in the name of
liberal religion. If we do not gather here on Sunday mornings in agreement of
this - then why are we here? What better cause do we tend?
Let me add an exclamation point to that message… by returning to
the original question…… from the time she asked me, these things have hit the
news:
·
A woman was trampled to death in
Wal-Mart during an early bird sale of DVD players
·
A two-year old boy was killed in a case
of road rage in Australia …crushed
in his own driveway over an argument over a taillight
·
A professor in Claremont , CA
spoke out in a forum about the need for tolerance and racial harmony and later
found her tires slashed, windows broken and car looted.
·
Under the guise of girl power, a US clothing
producer sold T-shirts that said “Boys are stupid, throw rocks at them”
·
A Muslim man was beaten to death in the
UK
by youth shouting anti-Islamic abuse at him.
·
And just last month, our own youth of
color, while eating lunch outside of a conference on leadership development in
Dallas, Texas had a car drive by, the occupants stick out their hands and
pretend to shoot them….each one….
Why be good, she asked? For
‘goodness sake’ ~ it’s our only hope.